Overeating Essay

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Cultural self assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social self evaluation - Assignment Example The conduct builds the family bond as individual can value every individual from the family paying little heed to their connection. By and by, I esteem family than some other social viewpoint. I esteem the smallest family attach to some other individual. My strict life has additionally been hugely affected by my social customs. In Ghana, religion makes up a noteworthy part the social structure. Strict practices are viewed as compulsory. A similar effect on religion has been made on my life. I esteem my religion as I think about partaking in rehearses regardless of whether I am away from my family. Thinking about the effect of my social conventions throughout my life, I despite everything keep on carrying on these practices. The social customs are a critical part on my public activity. Moreover, they are a wellspring of my social personality paying little mind to remove from my local nation. Carrying on these customs empowers me to value my nation and social character (Benhabib, Shapiro and Petranovich,

Overview of the Early American Colonial Regions

Review of the Early American Colonial Regions  The history of the 13 American provinces that would turn into the initial 13 conditions of the United States dates to 1492 when Christopher Columbus found what he thought was a New World, however was extremely North America, which alongside its indigenous populace and culture, had been there from the beginning. Spanish Conquistadors and Portuguese voyagers before long utilized the mainland as a base for extending their nations’ worldwide domains. France and the Dutch Republic participate by investigating and colonizing northern districts of North America. Britain moved to have a special interest in 1497 when adventurer John Cabot, cruising under the British banner, arrived on the east bank of what is currently America. Twelve years in the wake of sending Cabot on a second however deadly journey to America King Henry VII passed on, leaving the seat to his child, King Henry VIII. Obviously Henry VIII had more enthusiasm for wedding and executing spouses and warring with France than in worldwide development. Following the passings of Henry VIII and his slight child Edward, Queen Mary I dominated and went through the vast majority of her days executing Protestants. With the passing of â€Å"Bloody Mary,† Queen Elizabeth I introduced the English brilliant age, satisfying the guarantee of the whole Tudor regal tradition. Under Elizabeth I, England started to benefit from transoceanic exchange, and subsequent to overcoming the Spanish Armada extended its worldwide impact. In 1584, Elizabeth I authorized Sir Walter Raleigh to cruise towards Newfoundland where he established the states of Virginia and Roanoke, the supposed â€Å"Lost Colony.† While these early settlements did little to set up England as a worldwide domain, they set up for Elizabeth’s replacement, King James I. In 1607, James I requested the foundation of Jamestown, the main lasting settlement in America. Fifteen years and much show later, the Pilgrims established Plymouth. After the demise of James I in 1625, King Charles I established Massachusetts Bay which prompted the establishing of the Connecticut and Rhode Island provinces. English settlements in America would before long spread from New Hampshire to Georgia. From the establishment of the settlements starting with the establishing of Jamestown until the start of the Revolutionary War, various locales of the eastern coast had various qualities. When built up, the thirteen British settlements could be isolated into three geographic territories: New England, Middle, and Southern. Every one of these had explicit financial, social, and political improvements that were novel to the locales. The New England Colonies The New England Colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut were known for being wealthy in woods and hide catching. Harbors were situated all through the area. The region was not known for good farmland. Consequently, the ranches were little, primarily to give food to singular families. New England prospered rather from angling, shipbuilding, ambling, and hide exchanging alongside exchanging products with Europe. The renowned Triangle Trade happened in the New England settlements where slaves were sold in the West Indies for molasses. This was sent to New England to make Rum which was then sent to Africa to exchange for slaves.​ In New England, humble communities were the focuses of nearby government. In 1643, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven framed the New England Confederation to give resistance against Indians, Dutch, and the French. This was the primary endeavor to shape a joining between settlements. A gathering of Massasoit Indians composed themselves under King Philip to battle the pioneers. Lord Philips War kept going from 1675-78. The Indians were at long last crushed at an incredible misfortune. A Rebellion Grows in New England The seeds of revolt were planted in the New England Colonies. Powerful characters in the American Revolution, for example, Paul Revere, Samuel Adams, William Dawes, John Adams, Abigail Adams, James Otis, and 14 of the 56 underwriters of the Declaration of Independence lived in New England. As dismay with British standard spread through the Colonies, New England saw the ascent of the observed Sons of Liberty - a mystery gathering of politically dissenter colonistsâ formed in Massachusetts during 1765 committed to battling against charges unjustifiably forced on them by the British government. A few significant fights and occasions of the American Revolution occurred in the New England Colonies, including The Ride of Paul Revere, the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the catch of Fort Ticonderoga. New Hampshire In 1622, John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges got land in northern New England. Artisan in the end shaped New Hampshire and Gorges land prompted Maine. Massachusetts controlled both until New Hampshire was given an imperial sanction in 1679 and Maine was made its own state in 1820. Massachusetts Pioneers wishing to escape abuse and discover strict opportunity ventured out to America and framed the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Prior to landing, they built up their own administration, the premise of which was the Mayflower Compact. In 1628, Puritans framed the Massachusetts Bay Company and numerous Puritans kept on settling in the region around Boston. In 1691, Plymouth joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Rhode Island Roger Williams contended for opportunity of religion and detachment of chapel and state. He was exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and established Providence. Anne Hutchinson was likewise expelled from Massachusetts and she settled Portsmouth. Two extra settlements shaped in the zone and every one of the four got a sanction from England making their own legislature in the long run called Rhode Island. Connecticut A gathering of people drove by Thomas Hooker left the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of disappointment with unforgiving principles and settled in the Connecticut River Valley. In 1639, three settlements joined to frame a brought together government making an archive called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the primary composed constitution in America. Ruler Charles II formally joined Connecticut as a solitary state in 1662. The Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware offered rich farmland and common harbors. Ranchers developed grain and raised domesticated animals. The Middle Colonies likewise rehearsed exchange like New England, yet commonly they were exchanging crude materials for fabricated things. One significant occasion that occurred in the Middle Colonies during the frontier time frame was the Zenger Trial in 1735. John Peter Zenger was captured for composing against the regal legislative leader of New York. Zenger was safeguarded by Andrew Hamilton and saw not as liable assisting with building up the possibility of opportunity of the press. New York The Dutch-possessed a state called New Netherland. In 1664, Charles II conceded New Netherland to his sibling James, Duke of York. He simply needed to take it from the Dutch. He showed up with an armada. The Dutch gave up without a battle. New Jersey The Duke of York allowed some land to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley who named their settlement New Jersey. They gave liberal awards of land and opportunity of religion. The two pieces of the state were not joined into a regal settlement until 1702. Pennsylvania The Quakers were oppressed by the English and wished to have a settlement in America. William Penn got an award which the King called Pennsylvania. Penn wished to start a â€Å"holy experiment.† The principal settlement was Philadelphia. This settlement immediately got one of the biggest in the New World. Assertion of Independence was composed and marked in Pennsylvania. The Continental Congress met in Philadelphia until it was caught by British General William Howe in 1777 and compelled to move to York. Delaware At the point when the Duke of York got New Netherland, he additionally got New Sweden which had been established by Peter Minuit. He renamed this territory, Delaware. This region turned out to be a piece of Pennsylvania until 1703 when it made its own governing body. The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia developed their own food alongside growing three significant money crops: tobacco, rice, and indigo. These were developed on manors normally worked by slaves and obligated hirelings. Britain was the fundamental client of yields and products traded by the Southern Colonies. Rambling cotton and tobacco estates kept individuals broadly isolated, forestalling the development of numerous urban territories. A significant occasion that happened in the Southern Colonies was Bacons Rebellion. Nathaniel Bacon drove a gathering of Virginia pilgrims against Indians who were assaulting outskirts ranches. The illustrious representative, Sir William Berkeley, had not moved against the Indians. Bacon was marked a trickster by the representative and requested captured. Bacon assaulted Jamestown and held onto the legislature. He at that point turned out to be sick and kicked the bucket. Berkeley returned, draped a considerable lot of the agitators, and was in the long run expelled from office by King Charles II. Maryland Master Baltimore got land from King Charles I to make a safe house for Catholics. His child, the second Lord Baltimore, by and by possessed all the land and could utilize or sell it as he wished. In 1649, the Toleration Act was passed permitting all Christians to venerate however they wanted. Virginia Jamestown was the main English settlement in America (1607). It made some hard memories from the outset and didn’t thrive until the homesteaders got their own property and the tobacco business started prospering, the settlement flourished. Individuals kept on showing up and new settlements emerged. In 1624, Virginia was made a regal state. North Carolina and

The Devils Shadow Essay Example For Students

The Devils Shadow Essay The Devils ShadowTime Setting: The Devils Shadow by Clifford Lindsey Alderman occurred in thelate seventeenth century from 1692-1693. This is the timespan that the SalemWitch Trials occurred. The primary plot of the story laid on the eventsleading up to the Salem Witch Trials, the preliminaries themselves, and the aftermathof the preliminaries. Nitty gritty records of witch executions, the genuine preliminaries, andthe occasions that caused the preliminaries were examined in the story. Spot Setting: Most of the move in this story made spot in Salem,Massachusetts. This was the origination of the black magic agitation and it wasalso the real site of the Salem Witch Trials. The town of Salem,Massachusetts in the late seventeenth century was a little puritan network thatwas to a great extent uneducated and offbeat. Since many needed education,they didn't comprehend numerous occasions that occurred in their every day lives. Manythings that turned out badly in their day by day lives would be accused on black magic orsorcery. Such normal things as consumed bread or broken plates would be accused onthe extraordinary. Numerous individuals, particularly the uneducated, immovably accepted inthe presence of witches and warlocks. They accepted that such people hadthe capacity to perform dark enchantment that raised a ruckus. Each timesomething awful happened they would accuse witches and black magic. We will compose a custom exposition on The Devils Shadow explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Principle Characters: One of the fundamental characters in this story was Tituba, anAfrican slave lady from Barbados. She was bought in Barbados by a merchantnamed Samuel Parris. She lived in Barbados until Samuel Parris carried her toSalem to function as his worker. She was known to rehearse Obeah, an African cultsorcery. Individuals who performed or rehearsed Obeah were supposed to be capable topredict the future, make otherworldly charms, and drive away malevolence spirits. Titubawas blamed for instructing black magic to a little gathering of young ladies in Salem. Samuel Parris, another principle character in this story, was a shipper whoattended Harvard University. He was the proprietor of Tituba and her significant other. Hehad concentrated to turn into a pastor before he left Harvard. He was a business manwho exchanged slaves, sugar, and rum in Barbados. Things started to not work out forhim when he began getting less and less cash. He surrendered his vocation as amerchant in 1689 and moved to Salem to turn into a clergyman. Other fundamental characters in this story incorporate the young ladies that were taughtwitchcraft by Tituba, the appointed authorities in the court, and the people whowere blamed for black magic. Two Important Events: One significant occasion in this story was the point at which the hystericalgirls are accepted to have been affected by Titubas black magic. This eventfit into the story since it set off the black magic mania that tailed it. Numerous individuals unexpectedly got blamed after the young ladies became related withTituba and black magic. This occasion gave a decent outline of life in the lateseventeenth century by indicating how jumpy individuals were about the nearness ofwitchcraft in their general public. They were prepared to accept that individuals werewitches without a moment's notice, and along these lines, they unjustifiably blamed andmurdered hundreds for individuals. This can be viewed as the beginning stage of thewitchcraft craziness in Salem that executed such a large number of individuals. Another significant occasion in this story was when everything started to getout of control and individuals were being blamed for black magic by the handfuls. Itbecame a decision on whether you would denounce another person in orderto spare yourself. Individuals that were charged just denounced various individuals inorder to spare themselves from hanging. Before long, everybody was denouncing everyoneelse, and the preliminaries had gone into absolute disarray. This changed the course ofhistory in light of the fact that it caused individuals to acknowledge how silly the while witchcrafthysteria truly was. It was additionally the initial move towards the finish of the agitation. .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 , .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 .postImageUrl , .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 , .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84:hover , .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84:visited , .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84:active { border:0!important; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84:active , .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub890ab0 bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub890ab0bbee2f4bbd2037b6ef4f3ee84:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Barbie Doll Poem Analysis EssayClass Differences in Society: By perusing this story, I found out about the classdifferences in the general public of Salem in the late seventeenth century. The factthat the entirety of the fault was put on an African American slave lady from the startshows that the higher class individuals would in general accuse the lower class individuals fortheir issues. Additionally, individuals blamed for black magic immediately became glanced downon in the public arena. This identifies with the way that individuals would in general charge peoplethat were at that point looked down on by society so as to loan validity totheir allegation. These things have helped me to understand that classdifferences are clear in each general public. It has additionally persuaded thatclass contrasts essentially influence the result of numerous chronicled occasions.

Common Topics For Essay Writing

Common Topics For Essay WritingWhen an essay is submitted to college admissions committees, it may have several common topics for writing. There are different ways in which students choose topics to write about. If the topic is old and people have forgotten, there is a need to refresh the information, so as to keep the interest of the reader.If students want to develop their topic, there are some general topics that they can try out. One of the main topics to learn sports. Students can consider the things they like to do when it comes to sports and why it is important for them to be an athlete.When they explore this area, they will find it interesting because there is a large number of topics that revolve around this general theme. A person's favorite sports include basketball, baseball, football, tennis, or soccer. These are a number of popular sports that come from great minds and are considered as sports that offer a lot of fun. It is said that some of the greatest minds who ever lived were born from athletic backgrounds.Another general topic that has many themes is politics. Students can look at different political parties, which are all based on the ideas of the revolution that is happening throughout the world. The revolution that is happening is founded on the ideas of fairness, democracy, equality, and liberty.The third and final general topic to look at when it comes to essay writing is religion. The idea of religion is important because every human being is created with a moral compass. Students can choose to explore religious ideas by choosing to study their beliefs. People with common beliefs tend to be more honest, which is one of the reasons that they build those strong social ties.The two topics above are the most common topics that most students use when they are writing essays. Many students, however, enjoy the excitement of exploring other ideas. In this way, a student can find a new way to discuss the same topic. Many students have used other kinds of topics in their essays.However, if a student needs a topic to write about that he does not feel comfortable about, he should be able to experiment with other ideas. That is how a student can learn a new topic. Essay writing can help any student develop his personal style and personality.

Sin and Salvation A Spiritual Rebirth - Literature Essay Samples

Sin and Salvation: A Spiritual Rebirth Sin is an inextricable force that entangles an individual who has committed a crime; only through confession can a man be free of his sin. In Crime and Punishment Dostoevsky manifests the evil and goodness of Raskolnikov, depicting the need for him to change—the need for the confession of his sin. Throughout the novel, Raskolnikov is lost and suffers from the consequences of his sin. Although he is in a struggle between good and evil, Raskolnikov cannot simply renounce his sins by his own determination; therefore, he must surrender his will and pride and be willing to confess his sin. By emphasizing the theme of confession and redemption, Dostoevsky effectively portrays the spiritual rebirth that Raskolnikov experiences when he confesses, especially through the story of Lazarus. Through the Biblical allusions in Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky illustrates the theme of redemption as Raskolnikov experiences sin and atonement. As Raskolnik ov commits the crime of murder and lives in sin, Dostoevsky places a secular emphasis on Raskolnikov’s life, divulging the human and sinful nature of those who lack God. Through demonstrating vice in Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky reveals the sinful nature of Raskolnikov. He is not only a sinner because of his crime of murder but also because of his self confidence and self-centredness; Raskolnikov retains an inherent and strong belief in himself and places â€Å"his trust in himself, not in prayer† (Dostoevsky 88). Ironically, Raskolnikov places faith in himself although he is well aware of his own crime. His tendency to trust only himself in spite of his crime reveals his self-confident nature; he is not willing to listen to the opinions of others nor God. Therefore, Raskolnikov’s sin is not merely the physical sin of committing murder but also the sin of placing faith in himself rather than God. Jacques Madaule states that â€Å"evil is in man as an unalterable qua ntity† (41). Raskolnikov’s evil exists as his arrogant attitude of trusting only himself causes him to lose direction, wandering aimlessly as he wishes to absolve himself of his sin. Without placing trust in God, Raskolnikov will never be able to expiate his evil and find his direction in life. In fact, Dostoevsky clearly underlies the idea that Raskolnikov is a lost man lacking direction: â€Å"A young man came out of his little room†¦and turned slowly and irresolutely† (Dostoevsky 1). The word resolution appears on several occasions in the novel and displays Raskolnikov’s inability to come to a decision, especially the decision of whether to confess his crime or not. The critic Vadim V. Kozhinov notes that â€Å"the word ‘irresolution’ [nereshimost’] and the various word formations from the same root come up repeatedly in the novel, especially in the final scenes†¦ ‘insoluble’ [nerazreshimo]; â€Å"inability t o make up one’s mind† [neveshat’sja]† (17). As revealed throughout the novel, Dostoevsky has put tremendous thought into using the words of the same root as irresolution. Often describing Raskolnikov’s actions as irresolute, Dostoevsky stresses the idea that Raskolnikov is a man lacking true direction and purpose in life, exhibiting Raskolnikov’s extreme emotions of different sides, which range from wanting to confess his sins to wanting to conceal his crime. Unlike Raskolnikov, the Christian belief is to â€Å"Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths† (Proverbs 3:5-6). In contrast to this belief, Raskolnikov depends only on himself and neglects God. His inability to confide in God causes him to lose direction and stumble on his path after committing the murder; he cannot firmly make a decision. Furthermore, Dostoevsky continues to r eveal the evil in Raskolnikov through divulging the hypocritical life that Raskolnikov leads when he is rebuked by his sister Dunya. As Raskolnikov questions Dunya’s marriage to Peter Petrovich, she furiously reprimands him: â€Å"Why should you demand from me a heroism which, perhaps, you yourself are not capable of? That is tyranny, despotism† (Dostoevsky 223). In her speech, she underlies the idea of how women are expected to make self sacrifices whereas men are not. Her sharp words pierce through Raskolnikov’s hypocrisy, especially when she exclaims that â€Å"If I destroy anybody it will be myself and nobody else†¦I have not killed anybody† (Dostoevsky 223). Through his sister’s words, Raskolnikov realizes the depth of his sin and hypocrisy, feeling a heavy burden of guilt upon his shoulders. Evidently, the confidence that he places in himself causes him to suffer to a greater extent. Accordingly, Dostoevsky further emphasizes the devast ating nature of pride through Raskolnikov’s Napoleonic theory of the superhuman. Raskolnikov believes that â€Å"the extraordinary have the right to commit any crime and break every kind of law just because they are extraordinary† (Dostoevsky 248). In Raskolnikov’s search to become superior, he plunges himself into sin through his act of murder. By going against the law to prove his superiority, Raskolnikov is no different from Adam and Eve when they eat the forbidden fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil (Genesis 3). In both cases, there is a desire to become more powerful and surpass the normal boundaries of man. Dostoevsky exemplifies the essence of the original sin within Raskolnikov’s search to transcend human boundaries. Ironically, Raskolnikov’s craving to become superior only drives him towards depravity and he suffers from the guilt of the crime, becoming a weaker and more pitiful man in the process. Through his yearning to achie ve superiority, Raskolnikov transforms into a stolid man lacking compassion as he claims that he â€Å"killed not a human being but a principle† (Dostoevsky 264). Raskolnikov’s lack of feelings for life emphasizes the deterioration of his values and the degradation of his morals. Although he wishes to surpass his fellow men, Raskolnikov is despicable, growing more disdainful as he attempts to reach the superhuman status. Essayist Nicholas Berdyaev articulates that â€Å"Christ came not to violate but to fulfill the law† and â€Å"the truly great, the men of genius who did great things for all of mankind, did not act in the manner of Raskolnikov. They did not consider themselves supermen to whom everything was permitted† (75). In order to be truly great, Raskolnikov must relinquish his superman idea and realize that he must follow the limits of what is permissible. As Christ came to fulfill the law, so must Raskolnikov also abide to the morals of humanity and accept the punishment of his crime; Raskolnikov cannot live a life that is superior to other men. In the midst of Raskolnikov’s grave sin, he feels inexorable guilt and is crushed by the consequences of his sin. He is not only disgusted with his crime as â€Å"repulsion†¦ [grows] in his heart with every moment† (Dostoevsky 77) but also confused at the same time because he does not know how to expiate his crime. While Raskolnikov despises himself for the crime, he faces severe confusion as he wishes to relieve himself of guilt; yet, he refuses to confront the punishment for his crime because he believes he has a reason for his actions. As Raskolnikov is torn apart by this struggle, he is weary and feels â€Å"ever so slightly dizzy,† proclaiming that â€Å"he would not live like this† (Dostoevsky 148). Although he wishes to be rid of his guilt, he cannot help but feel the burden of his crime. Nicholas Berdyaev argues:Because human nature is create d in the image†¦of God†¦every man has an absolute value†¦when man in his self-will destroys another man, he destroys himself as well, ceases to be a man, loses his human image, and his personality begins to disintegrate. (74)For killing a fellow human being, Raskolnikov feels the burden of his sin and begins to break down, as denoted by his weariness. Evidently, Raskolnikov’s energy is drained as he bears the consequences of his sin because he is not willing to repent. The Scriptures states that: â€Å"Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall: But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength† (Isaiah 40: 30-31). In the first sentence of the novel, Raskolnikov is described as a â€Å"young man† (Dostoevsky 1) and now this young man is faltering and falling because he has chosen to sin and to rely on himself instead of accepting God’s grace. Throughout the novel, Raskolnikov is constantly burd ened with troubles and he is frequently weary because he is unwilling to give up his life to God. The consequences of Raskolnikov’s sin are great and he is incapable of absolving himself of his grievous sin. Dostoevsky palpably heightens Raskolnikov’s suffering as he becomes estranged from society and is unable to â€Å"understand with his mind as feel instinctively with the full force of his emotions that he could never again communicate with these people† (Dostoevsky 98). Upon committing his crime, Raskolnikov is broken off from society as he cuts the cord around Alena Ivanovna’s neck. As the circle is a symbol for unity, the severing of the circle cord of the necklace depicts the dissolution of unity between Raskolnikov and society. Contrary to the idea of the unified body of Christ as expressed in 1 Corinthians 12, Raskolnikov is isolated from society as he dwells in his sin. The idea of unity is central to Christianity and John Donne states that â⠂¬Å"no man is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main† (272). Once an individual has broken off from society, he will lose his function and purpose as a small piece of land loses its purpose once it is torn from the continent. Therefore, Raskolnikov’s estrangement from society is a type of death for him and he is unable to live fully unless he is reconciled with society and God. Despite Raskolnikov’s sinful nature, Dostoevsky reveals the struggle that Raskolnikov endures as he is in need of repentance. Goodness does exist in Raskolnikov and there are characters in the novel that influence him. Although he is a sinner, Raskolnikov acts as a Good Samaritan, giving all his money to the Marmeladov family when he witnesses Marmeladov’s death. Through the novel, Dostoevsky delivers guidance to Raskolnikov as Sonya is a spiritual guide who leads Raskolnikov into confession. She is a â€Å"creature with a flame col oured feather† (Dostoevsky 185) and the fiery imagery surrounding her illustrates the image of an angel. Symbolically employing Sonya as an angel to guide Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky evinces the childlike qualities in Sonya that Raskolnikov must have in order to live a guiltless life and enter into God’s kingdom. She is â€Å"simple-hearted and good† and seems â€Å"almost a little girl still, much younger than her age† (Dostoevsky 228). These childlike qualities are essential for Raskolnikov to find salvation as Jesus teaches that â€Å"except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven† (Matthew 18:3). Thus, Dostoevsky demonstrates through Sonya the way to salvation. Essayist Yury F. Karyakin asserts:In order that a man not merely acknowledge, but also repent of his crime and expiate it, he needs positive help. He must have something in himself which can give confidence both to him and to others who wo uld recognize his humanity and wish to help him rise again. (95)Sonya is one of the forces that provide help for Raskolnikov, making him feel loved. At the same time, a divine force or spirit seems to influence Raskolnikov as he notices that â€Å"the water, unusually for the Neva, looked almost blue† (Dostoevsky 108). In the Russian Orthodox Church, the colours black, blue, green, and gold all bear symbolic meaning. The colour blue is a symbol for the Spirit of God (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church). Through emphasizing the blue water of the Neva, Dostoevsky depicts that God’s spirit is appearing to Raskolnikov, trying to lead him back into God’s kingdom. The fact that the water is â€Å"almost blue† and not completely blue represents that God’s spirit cannot be fully manifested in Raskolnikov yet because he is unwilling to repent. Through these influences, Raskolnikov is slowly led into confession as he feels the need to expi ate his sin. As Raskolnikov experiences the struggle between good and evil inside of him, he is in need of change. He seems to have â€Å"two separate personalities, each dominating him alternately† (Dostoevsky 206). Because of his internal struggle for which he cannot resolve through his own efforts, Raskolnikov possesses a side to him that wants to confess his sins and be rid of his guilt. At the same time, there is another side of him that wants to continue living without acknowledging his faults. As Raskolnikov endures this struggle, he faces harsh reprimand from Porfiry Petrovich. He takes on the role of a â€Å"sort of prophet† that warns and admonishes Raskolnikov: â€Å"Well, find your faith, and you will live. To begin with, you have needed a changed of air for a long time. Perhaps, also, suffering is a good thing† (Dostoevsky 441). Porfiry stresses that Raskolnikov must change his way of living, or â€Å"air†, in order to find his faith and live . Unless Raskolnikov finds his faith and is able to cast away the burdens of his sin unto God, Raskolnikov will incessantly live in torment. The idea of suffering is significant to the theme of salvation as the Bible teaches: â€Å"consider it pure joy†¦whenever you face trials of many kinds, because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance† (James 1:2-3). In terms of Christianity, suffering draws an individual closer to God and Dostoevsky suggests that suffering is what Raskolnikov must experience in order to know God further. Through suffering, Raskolnikov realizes his powerlessness, seeing the need for him to confess his crime in order to relieve himself of his guilt. On his journey to confession, Raskolnikov bears a resemblance to Christ, accentuating the intensity of suffering. Before Raskolnikov confesses his crime to Ilya Petrovich, Raskolnikov asks himself a painful question: â€Å"If I must drink this cup does it make any difference? The vi ler the better†¦If I must drink, let it be all at once† (Dostoevsky 506). Through the cup of punishment that Raskolnikov must drink, Dostoevsky alludes to Christ, who suffered a similar struggle in the garden of Gethsemane. Christ himself prayed â€Å"Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done† (Luke 22:42). Christ was unmistakably in pain during his prayer as â€Å"his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground† (Luke 22:44). As even Christ suffered tremendously when he was destined to fulfill his purpose, Dostoevsky—through the Biblical allusion to Christ—emphasizes the painful and arduous process that Raskolnikov must experience in transgressing his sin. Although Raskolnikov, like Christ, is hesitant to confess his crime, he acknowledges that he must drink the cup that is prepared for him in order to atone for his sin. Jacques Madaule remarks that Raskolnikov l ives in â€Å"a world where each person suffers for everybody, and where everybody suffers for each, in Christ† (45). Madaule is certainly correct in the belief that suffering is pervasive in Raskolnikov’s life; however, suffering is predominant as a form of punishment for those who sin and not necessarily a lifestyle that everyone partakes in. The idea of everybody suffering in the name and unity of Christ is questionable but Raskolnikov certainly does suffer, perhaps not in Christ but like Christ. As Sonya hangs the cypress-wood cross on Raskolnikov’s breast, he exclaims â€Å"This, then, is a symbol that I am taking up my cross†¦as if my earlier sufferings had been mere trifles† (Dostoevsky 502). The action of taking the cross is of momentous significance, symbolizing that Raskolnikov, like Christ, is bearing his cross and ready to bear the consequences. Of particular notice, taking the wooden cross instead of the copper cross represents that Rask olnikov chooses humility instead of extravagant pride. Through suffering, Raskolnikov learns to slowly let go of his pride. Taking the cross, Raskolnikov feels the true burden of receiving the punishment for his crime. Through depicting the powerful experience of atonement, Dostoevsky illustrates Raskolnikov’s redemption as he confesses his crime. The first signs of salvation for Raskolnikov are revealed as he experiences worldly redemption when he kneels â€Å"in the middle of the square, bow[s] to the ground, and kiss[es] its filth with pleasure and joy† (Dostoevsky 505). In the act of kissing the earth, â€Å"Raskolnikov is performing a symbolic act†¦marking the beginning of his change into a complete, organic, living human being, rejoining all other men in the community† (Gibian 4). Through the â€Å"gesture of kissing the earth, [Raskolnikov] is reestablishing all his ties† with society (Gibian 4). Although he is earlier estranged from society, Raskolnikov is now reunited with the community and is able to belong again because he finally confesses that he is a sinner. This reconciliation with man is significant because a man must be in fellowship with others, â€Å"for as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many, are one body: so also is Christ† (1 Cor 12: 12). Only through communion with his fellow men can Raskolnikov be a part of God’s kingdom and salvation. In his act of bowing to the ground, Raskolnikov becomes no longer an outcast but a repentant sinner who is able to be reconciled with society. In addition to worldly redemption, Raskolnikov ultimately experiences a spiritual redemption that allows him to be forgiven of his sin. The story of Lazarus that Sonya reads to Raskolnikov is a reflection of the spiritual rebirth that Raskolnikov experiences. George Gibian states that â€Å"the raising of Lazarus from the dead is to Dostoevsky the best exemplum of a human being resurrected to a new life† (4). Evidently, the raising of Lazarus represents Raskolnikov’s death in sin and resurrection in confession. As Raskolnikov lives under the influence and suffering of his sin, he is no different from a dead man because his spirit is lacking vitality and the presence of God. The possibility of resurrection from Raskolnikov’s sinful life is exhibited as Sonya reads out from the Holy Scriptures: â€Å"I am the resurrection and the life; he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth, and believeth in me shall never die† (Dostoevsky 314). This passage accentuates that Raskolnikov can be forgiven of his sins and that his life can indeed be changed if he is willing to confess his sin and place trust in God. Upon confession, Raskolnikov is no longer burdened by the heavy suffering of his sin; instead, he enters into a new life free from excessive worrying. Both he and Sonya were â₠¬Å"pale and thin, but in their white sick faces there glowed the dawn of a new future, a perfect resurrection into a new life† (Dostoevsky 526). The pale colour of Raskolnikov’s face represents death; yet, Raskolnikov is able to be resurrected into a new life through atonement and his abounding love for Sonya. Thus, the story of Lazarus powerfully captures the essence of Raskolnikov’s spiritual rebirth. Furthermore, Dostoevsky emphasizes the resurrection of Raskolnikov through the use of the sacred number seven: â€Å"Seven years, only seven years! At the dawn of their happiness, both had been ready†¦to think of those seven years as if they were no more than seven days† (Dostoevksy 527). On a literal level, Raskolnikov and Sonya love the life they share together to the extent that Raskolnikov’s days in prison will seem timeless and inexorably pass by at an alarming rate; however, the Biblical meaning behind the number seven distinguishes Raskol nikov’s spiritual rebirth. In church tradition, the number seven is sacred as demonstrated in the seven stars, seven seals, and seven churches of Revelations and the seven fold sprinkling of blood for the cleansing of sins in Leviticus. Through stressing the number seven, Dostoevsky articulates that Raskolnikov’s life will now be holy as the number seven is holy; therefore, Raskolnikov is finally able to lead a holy life because he has confessed his sin. Dostoevsky clearly accentuates Raskolnikov’s forgiveness, attributing him with a sense of holiness. In addition, the number seven alludes to the seven days of creation. This further enhances the idea of rebirth in Raskolnikov where his old ways are gone and a new life is created. Dostoevsky himself maintains â€Å"that is the beginning of a new story, the story of gradual renewal of a man, of his gradual regeneration, of his slow progress from one world to another† (Dostoevsky 527). In fact, Dostoevsky do es not need to describe Raskolnikov’s life anymore because he—with the traces of sin wiped away—is free to create a new life. Truly, Raskolnikov is completely resurrected into a new life, experiencing a spiritual rebirth that delivers to him energy and hope. In Crime and Punishment Dostoevsky demonstrates the consequences of sin by revealing the suffering of isolation that Raskolnikov endures as evil persists in his character. Although there is a struggle between good and evil inside of Raskolnikov’s mind, the want to be righteous is not enough to deliver him from his sin. Through relying on himself, Raskolnikov suffers from the consequences of his sin and meanders through a long path in trying to take away the heavy and onerous burden of his sin. In the process of suffering, Raskolnikov realizes his own insignificance and sees that he, too, is in need of salvation. As Raskolnikov is unable to emancipate himself from the bondage of sin and guilt until he finally confesses his crime, Dostoevsky unveils that man is incapable of finding forgiveness through his own actions; only through the confession of sins can true salvation be found and the old life of sin be reborn into a new, free life.

Chicago Public Schools Are The Fourth Largest District

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Bio-Psycho-Social-Spiritual-Cultural Analysis According to Hutchison (2013) the biopsychosocial approach used by many social workers is an examination of the biological, psychological, and social systems; all are seen as interconnected. In recent years the spiritual dimension has also gained popularity in research and recognition as being inseparable from other dimensions of personhood. Culture is also seen as a powerful environmental dimension that demands acknowledgment to truly gain insight into a person’s worldview. The following is a brief summary of these dimensions in regards to youths experiencing bullying. I will start by describing the biological dimensions of bullying victims, perpetrators, and bully-victims. Carpanzo et al. (2011) asserts that there are gender differences in bullying. 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Research Public Campaign

Question: Write an essay on the Research Public Campaign. Answer: Scope, Theme and Objective of Public Relations Campaign According to the case study, Pizza Rush is a reputed pizza take-away company with 50 stores in Australian market. The company is only known for its special ingredients and cleanliness. However, the company was involved in a scandal, which has affected reputation of the company negatively. The reason behind conducting this public relation campaign is to revive the crisis (Austin Pinkleton, 2015). Therefore, it can be said that there is huge scope to improve perceived value of the consumers with this public relations campaign. The theme of the public relations campaign will be Consume Quality Foods, Stay Healthy. Following are the objectives of the public relations campaign. To communicate with the potential consumers for improving customer relation To convey strengths of the products for attracting consumers To ensure the consumers regarding cleanliness and hygiene factors that Pizza Rush maintain To reduce the negative impact influenced by the current scandal of the company Current Trend and development of communication and its impact on the Campaign Years ago, marketers and public relations professionals relies on the traditional platform such as print media and radio. However, the emerging trend of marketing and advertisement influences the marketers to adopt innovative platform such as social media websites like Facebook and Instagram. The current trend of public relation tends the marketers to improve the theme and content of the campaign in order to influence the target market (Soper, 2015). Moreover, the current platform of advertisement helps the marketers to reach to the maximum number of audience (Duh, 2015). Therefore, it can be said that the current trend in public relations will help to clearly spread the organizational message with the targeted audience. When it comes to the recent development in communication, it increases the scope for the company to communicate with the audience efficiently. The current development of communication has introduced two-way communication in which marketers can spontaneously communicate with the audience rather than just spreading message (Place, 2015). Therefore, it will help the public relation professionals to gather viewpoint of the audience and reframe the campaign according to the situation. Audience of the Campaign and their attributes Pizza Rush is facing issues for the current scandal, which influences the perceived value of the consumers regarding hygiene factors of the company. Therefore, it can be said that the primary audience of this public relations campaign will be the consumers of Pizza Rush. When it comes to the attributes of the consumers, Pizza Rush has segmented their consumers based on demographic characteristics, psychographic characteristics and geographical characteristics (Thorson et al., 2015). In case of demographic characteristics, the company has targeted consumers aged above 18 and below 65. Apart from that, the company has also focuses on the income, household size and social class while segmenting the consumers (Morris Goldsworthy, 2015). Moreover, Pizza Rush has targeted consumers based on psychographic characteristics in which the company has targeted consumes those are willing to consumer high quality food at favorable price. When it comes to the geographical characteristics, the compa ny has targeted local residential people and tourists. Options of the Campaign The campaign will be conducted on social media with video advertisement. In order to conduct this campaign, the marketers will create a video advertisement with the campaign theme for influencing the target audience (Buhmann Ingenhoff, 2015). Moreover, the markets will also measure the tariff of the video for identifying the extent in which the campaign is spreading around. The audience will be able to watch the video advertisement through different platform such as mobile phones and desktops. In order to gain positive outcome from the campaign, the pause and resume option will be incorporated (James, 2015). This feature will help the marketers to measure whether the advertisement is affecting the campaign positively or negatively. If the advertisement is going negatively, then the markers will be able to stop the campaign for identifying the issues (Yang Taylor, 2015). Thereafter, the marketers will be able to resume the advertisement campaign again for ensuring that the previous issues has been resolved. Stakeholders to be considered before starting the Campaign The advertisement campaign focuses on perceived value of the consumers and therefore, it can be said that it is directly connected with the integrity of the organization. Therefore, the public relation professionals should share the information of the advertisement campaign with the management of Pizza Rush. Apart from that, the public relation professionals need to communicate with the managers of Pizza Rush in order to approve the entire process and procedures employed (Babiuk et al., 2015). Apart from that, the PR professionals will communicate with the shareholders of the company with the possibilities of the campaign.

Marxist Analysis of the Hunger Games free essay sample

The Hunger Games takes place after the destruction of North America, in a nation known as Panem, which consists of a wealthy Capitol and twelve surrounding, poorer districts. District 12, where the book begins, is located in the coal-rich region that was formerly Appalachia. As punishment for a previous rebellion against the Capitol in which a 13th district was destroyed, one boy and one girl between the ages of 12 and 18 from each district are selected by annual lottery to participate in the Hunger Games, a televised event in which the participants (or tributes) must fight to the death in a dangerous outdoor arena controlled by the Capitol until only one remains. The story follows 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, a girl from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th annual Hunger Games in place of her younger sister, Primrose. Also selected from District 12 is Peeta Mellark, a bakers son whom Katniss knows from school, who once gave her bread when her family was starving† (Wikipedia 1). There are strong literary themes throughout this work that readily lend themselves to various forms of critique. This paper will focus on two main genres of literary criticism. The first is Marxist criticism, for which there is plenty of material that reveals the novel’s explicitly anti-imperialist agenda. There is a strong oppression of the poor by the rich, and socioeconomic subjugation is responsible for the huge disparity between the â€Å"haves† and the â€Å"have nots†. The Capitol dominates its districts by controlling education and the media, keeping the districts in a state of hunger and poverty, and monitoring all aspects of life with an eagle eye. The second form of literary criticism applied to The Hunger Games will be feminist critique. Katniss is presented as a strong, independent woman who seems to have transcended the confines of the traditional female gender role, and she is ultimately successful due to her ability to take on the characteristics of either gender as required by her situation. She is her family’s provider, having adopted typical masculine duties in hunting, bartering, and protecting her sister and mother. However, there are times where she is able to be protected or supported by a male character without feeling degraded or submissive. Additionally, the female characters throughout the trilogy who strive for singularly feminine gender roles are met with opposition and grim misfortune. Ultimately, The Hunger Games is an excellent work of young adult fiction that uses a futuristic, dystopian society to offer readers the chance to explore and critique Marxist ideologies as well as feminist thought. Marxist Critique of The Hunger Games One of the strongest themes in The Hunger Games is its condemnation of imperialism, which is represented by the Capitol of Panem. Throughout its pages, the novel invites readers to denounce the oppressive socioeconomic forces and repressive ideologies of the Capitol and its representatives. The Hunger Games certainly has a Marxist agenda as it reveals the crippling effects of the oppression of the people by the elite few. Citizens of the Capitol are living lives of luxury and ease while the hard-working and impoverished citizens of the other districts struggle to get by. These are â€Å"men and women with hunched shoulders, swollen knuckles, many who have long since stopped trying to scrub the coal dust out of their broken nails, the lines of their sunken faces† (Collins 4). They are the perfect representation of the Marxist proletariat, â€Å"the majority of the global population who live in substandard conditions and who have always performed the manual labor that fills the coffers of the rich† (Tyson 54). They have lost hope and merely toil under the domination of the privileged elite, the bourgeoisie who control the world’s natural, economic, and human resources. This domination pervades every aspect of their lives – they are constantly watched by â€Å"Peacekeepers† who ensure that there is no hint of rebellion among the people. Katniss and her best friend Gale (a boy who also lost his father at a young age) have nothing but disdain for the Orwellian â€Å"big brother† intrusiveness of the Capitol. â€Å"District Twelve. Where you can starve to death in safety,† Katniss mutters. Then she glances quickly over her shoulder. Even here, even in the middle of nowhere, you worry someone might overhear you† (Collins 4). The districts are not strongly divided amongst themselves by religion, ethnicity, or gender, but rather seem to function as supportive communities in and of themselves. They are prevented from communicating with one another. However, their ability to band together and rise up against the oppression is seen at the end of the trilogy, when the districts overcome their fear of domination and join together as one to defeat the Capitol. The majority of the citizens of the districts remain subservient. A Marxist insight would reveal that they are strongly kept captive by the repressive ideologies functioning in their lives – ideologies that prevent them from understanding the material/historical conditions in which they live, because the people are slow to acknowledge that these ideologies affect their lives. However, a few of the main characters do see this repression, and they act out against it. One prominent example is in the method by which children are entered into the lottery to become tributes in the Hunger Games. When a child turns 12, they are entered once, then twice when they are 13, three times when they’re 14, and so on. However, poor and starving children have the option to add their name in more times in exchange for â€Å"tesserae. Each tesserae is worth a meager year’s supply of grain and oil for one person† (13). They may also do this for each of their family members. So the wealthy children, who have no need for tesserae, have far lower chances of being chosen to fight to the death. By keeping the poor in a constant state of fear and oppression and keeping the wealthy content and happy, the Capitol ensures that there is no rebellion. Katniss expounds on this, speaking about her friend Gale: â€Å"I’ve listened to him rant about how the tesserae are just another tool to cause misery in our district. A way to plant hatred between the starving workers of the Seam and those who can generally count on supper and thereby ensure we will never trust one another. ‘It’s to the Capitol’s advantage to have us divided among ourselves,’ he might say if there were no ears to hear but mine† (13). Additionally, the Capitol wields its power all year between the Games, by showering the winning district with gifts of grain, oil, and even delicacies like sugar, while the rest of the districts continue to battle starvation. This furthers the atmosphere of isolation between districts. The imperialistic Capitol also supports the capitalist notion of â€Å"survival of the fittest† in the Games. However, similar to themes apparent in today’s society, the tributes from certain districts have a distinct advantage, having been well-fed and trained for combat all their lives. The less-privileged tributes from poorer districts have had to work all day to provide for themselves and their families, and thus have a severe weakness when pitted against the others. Additionally, within the Games, tributes are reliant upon wealthy â€Å"sponsors† who take them on, betting that they’ll win. Sponsors have the ability to send food, medicine, and weapons to aid the endorsed tribute in their fight for survival. Despite any skills that a tribute may have, he or she is still just a pawn in a game of entertainment, controlled by the investment of the rich and kept alive (or not) solely for their amusement. There is a heavy censorship of culture within The Hunger Games. Freedom of thought and the sovereignty of truth take a back seat to the Capitol’s desperate need to maintain power. The education of the children in District 12 (Katniss’s home district) would be heavily condemned by Marxist critics – most of the courses are related to coal mining, which is the heart of that district’s economy. â€Å"Except for the weekly lecture on the history of Panem,† as Katniss reveals, â€Å"It’s mostly a lot of blather about what we owe the Capitol. But I know there must be more than they’re telling us, an actual account of what happened during the rebellion† (42). It’s revealed in the later books that there is indeed another district, unknown to the citizens of Panem, that survived the rebellion and lives underground where it’s plotting to overthrow the Capitol. Additionally, while the Games are televised for â€Å"the citizens’ entertainment†, they are highly censored to portray only images that are supportive of the Capitol’s power. Katniss befriends another tribute in the arena that is later killed in the action. As a small act of rebellion, to try to give her friend some dignity in death, Katniss puts the girl’s body in a peaceful position, closes her eyes, and surrounds her with beautiful wildflowers. Her attempt to make a statement, however, is omitted from that day’s highlight reel that’s broadcast to the nation, â€Å"because even that smacks of rebellion† (363). Another method of oppression of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie is the segregation of the districts. Citizens are not allowed outside their own, and as a result there is less risk of an uprising. In the Games, when Katniss talks to her ally from another district, it’s a novel experience for her to hear about life outside of District 12: â€Å"It’s interesting, hearing about her life. We have so little communication with anyone outside our district. In fact, I wonder if the Gamemakers are blocking out our conversation, because even though the information seems harmless, they don’t want people in different districts to know about one another† (203). Another example of the censored media is available here as well, with this conversation being blocked for the sake of keeping the districts in the dark as to the possible similarities between themselves and others. The Games themselves are arguably the best single embodiment of the Capitol’s classist beliefs that â€Å"equates one’s value as a human being with the social class to which one belongs† (Tyson 59). The citizens of the Capitol are favored high above the rest of the districts; it’s as if they live in a different world. Their diets and fashions are excellent examples of the Marxist concept of conspicuous consumption – their strange, extravagant clothing and makeup and their plump, well-fed stature serves no purpose but to show their affluence and lack of need. Katniss wonders about their lives when she sees the Capitol for the first time: â€Å"What must it be like, I wonder, to live in a world where food appears at the press of a button? How would I spend the hours I now commit to combing the woods for sustenance if it were so easy to come by? What do they do all day, these people in the Capitol, besides decorating their bodies and waiting around for a new shipment of tributes to roll in and die for their entertainment? † (Collins 65). They have no need for the basic things in life, so they fill their days with entertainment. The Games hold a dual purpose – the first is to remind the districts of the Capitol’s ultimate power and the futility of a rebellion, and the second is to provide entertainment to the wealthy elite. The Games last multiple days, and on one particular day there is little action – â€Å"Things have been too quiet today. No deaths, perhaps no fights at all. The audience in the Capitol will be getting bored, claiming that these Games are verging on dullness. This is the one thing the Games must not do† (173). Despite the fact that the tributes are real humans, with families and lives back home, they are seen as mere entertainment. The value of human life is directly equal to the amount of wealth and influence one has. After the games, Katniss hears the reactions from the citizens of the Capitol as she recuperates, and she is sickened by their view: It’s funny, because even though they’re rattling on about the Games, it’s all about where they were or what they were doing or how they felt when a specific event occurred. â€Å"I was still in bed! † â€Å"I had just had my eyebrows dyed! † â€Å"I swear I nearly fainted! † Everything is about them, not the dying boys and girls in the arena† (353). Ultimately, the Games are a stark reminder to the citizens that they are not autonomous, but are completely controlled by the Capitol. Peeta, the other tribute from District 12, longs to break out of this repressive ideology, but Katniss shoots him down: â€Å"‘Only I keep wishing I could think of a way to†¦to show the Capitol they don’t own me. That I’m more than just a piece in their Games,’ says Peeta. ‘But you’re not,’ I say. ‘None of us are. That’s how the Games work’† (142). They are a cultural production that exist to propagate the prevailing ideologies that support the power structure of the Capitol. The televised Games are, as Tyson says, a â€Å"primary bearer of ideology because [they reach] so many people in what seems to be an innocent form: entertainment. While [they] are being entertained, [their] guard is down, so to speak, and [they] are especially vulnerable to ideological programming† (Tyson 60). A Marxist critic may wonder if The Hunger Games is ideologically conflicted. Similar to the conflicts presented in The Great Gatsby, one could argue that the scathing critique of the Capitol could be slightly undermined by the extravagant, sumptuous descriptions of life there. When the tributes are brought to the Capitol, it is described in what could be a glorifying way: â€Å"Peeta and I run to the window to see what we’ve only seen on television, the Capitol, the ruling city of Panem. The cameras haven’t lied about its grandeur. If anything, they have not quite captured the magnificence of the glistening buildings in a rainbow of hues that tower into the air, the shiny cars that roll down the wide paved streets, the oddly dressed people with bizarre hair and painted faces who have never missed a meal. All the colors seem artificial, the pinks too deep, the greens too bright, the yellows painful to the eyes, like the flat round disks of hard candy we can never afford to buy at the tiny sweet shop in District 12† (Collins 59). However, Collins does a good job of keeping the majesty of the Capitol consistently framed in a strange, artificial light. While there are luxuries and sights and sounds and opportunities there that are beyond a poor citizen’s wildest dreams, there’s a disdainful tone to it all. The work, therefore, is not ideologically conflicted, but maintains a condemnatory quality throughout the events, characterizations, and descriptions. The Hunger Games, while futuristic, is a scornful Marxist critique on the oppression of few by a wealthy elite. She engages in the kind of exaggeration typical of dystopias, which are commonly â€Å"fictional works that take a negative cultural trend and imagine a future or an alternative world in which that trend dominates every aspect of life† to point out the possibility of the extent to which this oppression may reach, if allowed to continue unchecked (Dunn 9). There is a consistent condemnation of imperialist ideologies throughout the novel, and the final book of the trilogy serves as a rallying call to action as the districts join together and overthrow the oppressive Capitol. The Hunger Games does indeed have a Marxist agenda and suffices as a call to awareness and condemnation of the oppression of the majority by the wealthy elite. Feminist Critique of The Hunger Games One of the first questions a feminist critic will consider while analyzing a work of literature is the manner in which a novel is gendered – that is, â€Å"how [it seems] to define femininity and masculinity† (Tyson 119). This is of particular interest in regards to The Hunger Games, because the work is refreshingly egalitarian in its portrayal of gender roles. In District 12, both men and women work in the mines. When Katniss takes over her father’s hunting, she is met with no comment or resistance in the trading center of town – the desperate need for food trumps any sexist notions. Additionally, girls and boys are equal participants in the Hunger Games, with no alteration of the game for either gender (as there is today in sports, with women’s basketballs being smaller, etc. ) Throughout the entire trilogy, there are few explicit references to sexuality, but the one â€Å"sex symbol† character is not female as would be expected, but male. And later, in District 13, men and women are especially gender-neutral. Men and women wear the same uniforms, are referred to as â€Å"Soldier†, and have the same duties regardless of gender. Finally, the beauty norms of the Capitol are not gendered as they are in today’s society – men and women alike have surgical alterations, flamboyant clothing, and gaudy makeup. Similarly, it’s the most physically attractive tributes (boys or girls) who are rewarded with sponsors. The entire novel seems to portray gender in a way that allows more freedom than our current society on a whole seems to endorse. The protagonist Katniss is a prime representation of the novel’s feminist agenda. She is a successful female protagonist who is primarily masculine in character. She is able to take on more feminine roles when needed, but ultimately she is made up of traits usually associated with men. First of all, she is the sole provider for her family, spending her days hunting and then negotiating in the black market in town. She is physically and mentally tough, and willing to fight for survival. â€Å"Katniss takes risks and acts in ways that are strong and forceful. She may not be caring in the traditional sense associated with women, but she’s intensely loyal and will lie, steal, fight, and even kill to keep those she loves alive† (Dunn 147). The novel artfully glorifies her as a female who is able to succeed by breaking traditional female gender roles. Considering her personality, she’s not the stereotypical teenage girl, but instead is often hostile and sullen, rarely smiling, and uses few words. Her mentor points out that she’s â€Å"got about as much charm as a dead slug† (Collins 117). She’s very straightforward, independent, and rebellious. She resents her mother for her catatonic response to her father’s death, admitting that â€Å"some small gnarled place inside me hated her for her weakness, for her neglect, for the months she had put us through. Prim forgave her, but I had taken a step back from my mother, put up a wall to protect myself from needing her, and nothing was ever the same between us again† (53). The author has revealed that Katniss’s character was shaped after two famous male figures: Theseus, who took the place of another to slay a monster and rescue his people, and Spartacus, who led a rebellion of slaves against the Roman Empire. Katniss has an appealing androgyny, the type that â€Å"suggests a world in which sex-roles are not rigidly defined, a state in which ‘the man in every woman and the ‘woman in every man could be integrated and freely expressed† (Siegel 1). Here, Collins has aptly constructed a female character that enjoys the freedom of gender roles that many feminists promote and long for. Offering a stark contrast to Katniss is her sister, Primrose (or Prim). She is named after a delicate flower, and is small, thin, and beautiful. Her face is â€Å"as fresh as a raindrop, as lovely as the primrose for which she was named† (3). She is dominantly characterized by a deep compassion and empathy, as well as a desire to nurture both animals and humans alike. While she is fragile, afraid of the woods, and not adventurous at all, she â€Å"exhibits a type of strength that’s more acceptable for women in our [patriarchal] culture than Katniss’s physical strength† – her ability to heal and tend to the sick (Dunn 150). Her self-sacrificing femininity comes to a climax at the end of the trilogy, where she is killed in the blast from a bomb while tending to wounded children. The novel reveals a feminist agenda by the fact that the characters who are the most feminine do not urvive. Prim is the best example of this. Another example is a fellow tribute from another district, named Glimmer. Each of the tributes has a certain image they portray, in their attempt to get sponsors. Glimmer goes for the ultra-feminine, sexy approach, and like Prim, she is also killed off. Lastly, the girl who becomes Katniss’s ally in the Games, while much stronger and braver than most traditionally feminine girls, is unmistakably similar to Prim: â€Å"Rue is a small yellow flower that grows in the Meadow. Rue. Primrose. Neither of them could tip the scale at seventy pounds soaking wet† (Collins 99). Rue is petite and relatively naive, and meets the same sad fate as the other feminine characters. Katniss’s freedom to express typically masculine traits is especially glorified in contrast to the other girls who conformed to feminine gender roles. Additionally, the novel offers some insights into the operations of patriarchy in this futuristic society. There are no strong father figures present in any of the main characters’ families. The patriarchal roles are filled by Katniss and Gale, who function as examples that these typically masculine duties can be performed by males and females alike. It’s portrayed as a noble and selfless cause: â€Å"Gale’s two little brothers and a sister. Prim. And you may as well throw in our mothers, too, because how would they live without us? Who would fill those mouths that are always asking for more? With both of us hunting daily, there are still nights when game has to be swapped for lard or shoelaces or wool, still nights when we go to bed with our stomachs growling† (9). They daily break the law to sneak outside their district boundaries to hunt and forage, and they â€Å"agree that if [they] have to choose between dying of hunger and a bullet in the head, the bullet would be much quicker† (17). Both Katniss and Gale have an equally strong self-sacrificial desire to provide for their family at all costs, regardless of their biological sex. Katniss offers a final example of her patriarchal characterization, when she has a fruitless day of hunting: â€Å"I couldn’t go home. Because at home was my mother with her dead eyes and my little sister, with her hollow cheeks and cracked lips. I couldn’t walk into that room with the smoky fire from the damp branches I had scavenged at the edge of the woods after the coal had run out, my hands empty of any hope† (28). Her demeanor is much like an unemployed father or husband, downcast and ashamed at her inability to provide. The novel’s ideological conflict is well worth exploring as well. Katniss is celebrated and glorified as a female with typically masculine traits. However, one might argue that the novel unknowingly contradicts its feminist agenda by the notion that Katniss was only able to succeed because she acted more like a man than a woman. It’s a plausible conclusion, then, to say that the novel indirectly states that women must behave like men to succeed. However, this is obliterated by the characterization of Peeta Mellark. While Katniss is stereotypically masculine, he is more stereotypically feminine, again showcasing the author’s portrayal of freedom in gender roles. He is selected via lottery as a tribute; he doesn’t volunteer as Katniss did. Where she is strong, he appears to be weak. As they are introduced as tributes, riding in on chariots, they’re forced to hold hands initially. Eventually, Katniss goes to let go, but he holds on â€Å"‘No, don’t let go of me,’ he says. The firelight flickers off his blue eyes. ‘Please. I might fall out of this thing’† (71). She is the stabilizing force between the two of them. Later, within the Games, Peeta is mortally wounded and is slowly bleeding out. She finds him and nurses him back to a stable condition, and then goes out to find food. When she returns, he acts much like a typical housewife: â€Å"‘You just let me take care of you for a while. † I [Katniss] don’t really seem to have much choice. Peeta feeds me bites of groosling and raisins and makes me drink plenty of water. He rubs some warmth back into my feet and wraps them in his jacket before tucking the sleeping bag back up around my chin† (291). Where Katniss is focused, goal-oriented, and straightforward, Peeta is more emotional and relational. She realizes that she gets sympathy (and then gifts of food) when she plays up the romantic aspect, so she puts on a good show. However, by the end of the Games, he believes he’s fallen in love with her, and she begrudgingly informs him that it was all a show. The entire situation is very typical of any soap opera romance, but the gender roles are switched entirely. Again, the author seems to take liberty to illustrate the freedom that could be allowed if society would embrace it. Finally, Peeta is contrasted with Gale, who represents a more typical masculine figure. He is strong-willed and independent, able to survive with or without Katniss (though it’s easier when they share the burden). Katniss compares the two in her mind: â€Å"It’s not that Peeta’s soft exactly, and he’s proved he’s not a coward. But there are things you don’t question too much, I guess, when your home always smells like baking bread, whereas Gale questions everything. What would Peeta think of the irreverent banter that passes between us as we break the law each day? Would it shock him? The things we say about Panem? Gale’s tirades against the Capitol? † (296). Much like the sexist idea of men saving certain conversations for men because the women are too fragile to handle it, Katniss doubts that Peeta could converse so boldly about heavy and illegal topics. It’s something she saves for her masculine companion, one who is hardened to the facts of life. The ultimately feminist agenda of The Hunger Games is highlighted most in its support of the idea of more freedom in gender roles for men and women. While there are characters who are traditionally male and female in their personality and actions, two of the main characters are strikingly opposite, and are ultimately successful because of it. The roles of patriarchy are undermined by the fact that they are able to be fulfilled by a man or a woman equally. And at the end of the trilogy, Peeta and Katniss go on to enjoy a lifelong relationship, complete in the duality of masculine and feminine presence but not in the typical model of gender roles. Overall, Suzanne Collins’ novel lends itself highly to Marxist and feminist criticism. It readily criticizes imperialistic ideologies and the oppression of the poor by the wealthy elite. The masses eventually join forces and rise up against the tyranny, resulting in victorious peace after its downfall. Gender roles are portrayed on a â€Å"take them or leave them† basis, portraying successes outside of the confines of the stereotypical expectations of males and females. What some might see as a gripping story of a fantasy future society is revealed to others as a wealth of ideas that undermine some common classist and sexist ideologies prevalent in society today. The study of literature and the various forms of literary criticism are highly useful to help the educated reader see history through many lenses, which will ultimately create a more well-rounded understanding of the human experience.